References

Joel "Gator" Warsh, MD, MSC

Board certified pediatrician, and author.

Books

Marshall, G. S. 2024. The Vaccine Handbook: A Practical Guide for Clinicians. 12th ed. Professional Communications Inc.

Offit, P. A., and Moser, C. A. 2024. Vaccines and Your Family: Separating Fact from Fiction. 2nd ed. Columbia University Press.

Hotez, P. J. 2018. Vaccines Did Not Cause Rachel’s Autism: My Journey as a Vaccine Scientist, Pediatrician, and Autism Dad. Johns Hopkins University Press.

Orenstein, W. A., P. A. Offit, K. M. Edwards, and S. A. Plotkin. 2023. Plotkin’s Vaccines. 8th ed. Elsevier.

Anonymous, and Z. O’Toole. 2022. Turtles All the Way Down: Vaccine Science and Myth. Skyhorse Publishing.

Sears, R. W. 2011. The Vaccine Book: Making the Right Decision for Your Child. Little, Brown Spark.

Miller, N. Z. 2016. Miller’s Review of Critical Vaccine Studies: 400 Important Scientific Papers Summarized for Parents and Researchers. New Atlantean Press.

Thomas, P., and J. Margulis. 2016. The Vaccine-Friendly Plan: Dr. Paul’s Safe and Effective Approach to Immunity and Health—from Pregnancy Through Your Child’s Teen Years. Ballantine Books.

Geehr, E., and J. Barke. 2024. Unavoidably Unsafe: Childhood Vaccines Reconsidered. Bombardier Books.

Hooker, B., and R. F. Kennedy Jr. 2023. Vax-Unvax: Let the Science Speak. Skyhorse Publishing.

Kennedy, R. F., Jr. 2021. The Real Anthony Fauci: Bill Gates, Big Pharma, and the Global War on Democracy and Public Health. Skyhorse Publishing.

Humphries, S., and R. Bystrianyk. 2013. Dissolving Illusions: Disease, Vaccines, and the Forgotten History. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.

Cowan, T. 2018. Vaccines, Autoimmunity, and the Changing Nature of Childhood Illness. Chelsea Green Publishing.

Romm, A. J. 2001. Vaccinations: A Thoughtful Parent’s Guide: How to Make Safe, Sensible Decisions About the Risks, Benefits, and Alternatives. Healing Arts Press.

Thomas, P., and D. Hoover. 2024. Vax Facts: What to Consider Before Vaccinating at All Ages and Stages of Life. Morgan James Publishing.

Wallace, A. R. 1889. Vaccination Proved Useless and Dangerous: From Forty-Five Years of Registration Statistics. E. W. Allen.

Myers, M. G., and D. Pineda. 2008. Do Vaccines Cause That?!: A Guide for Evaluating Vaccine Safety Concerns. Immunizations for Public Health.

Offit, P. A. 2015. Bad Faith: When Religious Belief Undermines Modern Medicine. Basic Books.

Offit, P. A. 2010. Autism’s False Prophets: Bad Science, Risky Medicine, and the Search for a Cure. Columbia University Press.

Maready, F. 2018. The Moth in the Iron Lung: A Biography of Polio. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.

Ratner, A. 2025. Booster Shots: The Urgent Lessons of Measles and the Uncertain Future of Children’s Health Hardcover.

Vaccine Inserts

Prologue

Perlis, R. H., K. Ognyanova, A. Uslu, K. L. Trujillo, M. Santillana, J. N. Druckman, M. A. Baum, and D. Lazer. 2024. “Trust in Physicians and Hospitals During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a 50-State Survey of US Adults.” JAMA Network Open 7 (7).

Section 1- Introduction

Lopes, L., S. Schumacher, G. Sparks, M. Presiado, L. Hamel, and M. Brodie. 2022. “KFF COVID-19 Vaccine Monitor: December 2022.” Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/poll-finding/kff-covid-19-vaccine-monitor-december-2022/#:~:text=Among%20parents%20of%20children%20under,up%20from%2023%25%20in%202019.

Kennedy, B., and A. Tyson. 2023. Americans’ Trust in Scientists, Positive Views of Science Continue to Decline.
Pew Research Center.

Tyson, A., and B. Kennedy. 2024. Public Trust in Scientists and Views on Their Role in Policymaking. Pew Research Center.

Knox, O. 2024. “Fewer See Kids’ Vaccines as Key—but It’s Mostly the GOP.” US News and World Report. Retrieved from https://www.usnews.com.

Seither, R., O. B. Yusuf, D. Dramann, K. Calhoun, A. Mugerwa-Kasujja, C. L. Knighton, J. L. Kriss, R. Miller, and G. Peacock. 2024. “Coverage with Selected Vaccines and Exemption Rates Among Children in Kindergarten—United States, 2023–24 School Year.” Morbidity and Mortality
Weekly Report 73 (41): 925–932.

Williams, S. E., and R. Swan. 2014. “Formal Training in Vaccine Safety to Address Parental Concerns Not Routinely Conducted in US Pediatric Residency Programs.” Vaccine 32 (26): 3175–3178.

ACIP Shared Clinical Decision-Making Recommendations. https://www.cdc.gov/acip/vaccine-recommendations/shared-clinical-decision-making.html.

Section 2- Vaccine Evolution: Learning from History, Looking to the Future

Silverstein, A. M. 1989. A History of Immunology. Academic Press.

Behbehani, A. M. 1983. “The Smallpox Story: Life and Death of an Old Disease.” Microbiological Reviews, 47(4), 455–509.

Riedel, Stefan 2005. “Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination.” Proceedings vol. 18 (1): 21-25. Baylor University Medial Center.

Kelton, P. 2004. “Avoiding the Smallpox Spirits: Colonial Epidemics and Southeastern Indian Survival.” Ethnohistory 51 (1): 45–71.

Geison, G. L. 1995. The Private Science of Louis Pasteur. Princeton University Press.

Sanitation vs. Vaccination: Understanding the Drivers Behind Declines in Infectious Diseases

McKinlay, J., and S. McKinlay 1977. “The Questionable Contribution of Medical Measures to the Decline of Mortality in the United States in the Twentieth Century.” Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly. Health and Society 55 (3): 405–428.

Wallace, Alfred Russel. 2024. Vaccination: Proved Useless and Dangerous.

Armstrong, G. L., L. A. Conn, and R. W. Pinner. 1999. “Trends in Infectious Disease Mortality in the United States During the 20th Century.” JAMA 281 (1): 61–66.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 1999. “Achievements in Public Health, 1900–1999: Control of Infectious Diseases.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 48 (29): 621–629.

World Health Organization (WHO). 2024. “Vaccines and Immunization.”
https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_1.

Plotkin, S. A. 2005. “Vaccines: Past, Present, and Future.” Nature Medicine 11 (Suppl. 4): S5–S11.

McKinlay, J. B., & S.M. McKinlay 1977. “The Questionable Contribution of Medical Measures to the Decline of Mortality in the United States in the 20th Century”. The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly. Health and Society 55 (3): 405–428. https://www.milbank.org/wp-content/uploads/mq/volume-55/issue-03/55-3-The-Questionable-Contribution-of-Medical-Measures-to-the-Decline-of-Mortality-in-the-United-States-in-the-Twentieth-Century.pdf

WHO: Essential Programme on Immunization.https://www.who.int/teams/immunization-vaccines-and-biologicals/essential-programme-on-immunization

World Health Assembly, 27. 1974. “WHO expanded programme on immunization.” World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/92778

Gavi: Our Impact. https://www.gavi.org/programmes-impact/our-impact

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. 1999. “Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Announces $750 Million Gift to Speed Delivery of Life-Saving Vaccines.” Retrieved from: https://www.gatesfoundation.org/ideas/media-center/press-releases/1999/11/global-alliance-for-vaccines-and-immunization

GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. 2016. “Global, Regional, and National Life Expectancy, All-Cause mortality, and Cause-Specific Mortality for 249 Causes of Death, 1980-2015: a Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.” The Lancet 388(10053): 1459-1544.

Bryce, J., Black, R. E., & C.G. Victora. 2013. “Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5: Progress and Challenges.” BMC Medicine 11, Article 225

“Comparison of 20th Century Annual Morbidity and Current Morbidity: Vaccine-Preventable Diseases.” https://www.cdc.gov/ncird-surveillance/media/VPD-morbidity-slide1-mmwr-508.pdf

Briere, E. C., et al. 2014. “Prevention and control of Haemophilus influenzae type B Disease: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). “Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Recommendations and Reports, 63 (RR01): 1–14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

“Vaccine Epidemic: How Corporate Greed, Biased Science, and Coercive Government Threaten Our Human Rights, Our Health, and Our Children.”

Major Legal Changes: National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program

Bruesewitz et al. v. Wyeth LLC et al., 562 U.S. 2011.No. 09–152.
“On writ of certiorari to the United States Supreme Court.” https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/pdf/09-152P.ZD?utm_

Klein, N. P. 2014. “Licensed pertussis vaccines in the United States.” Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 10(9): 2684–2690.

“About the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program.” https://www.hrsa.gov/vaccine-compensation/about filing a claim with the VICP. Health Resources and Services Administration. Archived from the original on February 28, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130228053901/http://www.hrsa.gov/vaccinecompensation/filing.html

HHS VAERS Data Sets. https://vaers.hhs.gov/data/datasets.html

Miller, E. R., T. Suragh, J. R. Su, S. Amouzou, P. Moro. “Surveillance for Adverse Events Following
Immunization Using the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS).” In Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/surv-manual/php/table-of-contents/chapter-21-vaers.html

Lazarus, R., Klompas, M., & S. Bernstein 2011. Electronic Support for Public Health–Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (ESP). Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Inc.

“HRSA National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program: Provides Background on the OAP and Statistics Related to Vaccine Injury Claims.” https://www.hrsa.gov/vaccine-compensation

“U.S. Court of Federal Claims, Omnibus Autism Proceeding: Legal Documents and Rulings from the Six Test Cases and General Proceedings.” Autism Decisions and Background Information. https://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/autism-decisions-and-background-information

“Covered Vaccines (Vaccine Injury Table).” HRSA. https://www.hrsa.gov/vaccine-compensation/covered-vaccines

“Immunization Safety Review: Vaccines and Autism. Institute of Medicine (IOM) Reports.”
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK25349/. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK25349/

“National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program Statistics Reports.” Health Resources and Services
Administration. January 8, 2008. Archived from the original on September 23, 2011.

Offit, P. A. 2008. “Vaccines and Autism Revisited—The Hannah Poling Case.” The New England
Journal of Medicine 358: 2089–2091.

“National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program Monthly Statistics Report”. Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.hrsa.gov/sites/default/files/hrsa/advisory-committees/vaccines/vicp-stats-01-01-25.pdf

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. 2014. “Prevention and Control of Haemophilus influenzae Type B Disease: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).” MMWR. Recommendations and Reports, 63 (RR01), 1-14.

Challenges and Trends in Vaccine Acceptance and Policy

Wakefield, A. J., S. H. Murch, and A. Anthony et al. 1998. “Ileal-Lymphoid-Nodular Hyperplasia, Nonspecific Colitis, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder in Children.” The Lancet 351 (9103): 637–641.

This paper was published in The Lancet on February 28, 1998. It was retracted in 2010 after numerous issues, including falsified data, ethical violations, and conflict of interest, were revealed.

Hill, H. A., D. Yankey, and L. D. Elam-Evans et al. 2024. “Decline in Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months and Vaccination Inequities Among Children Born in 2020 and 2021—National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2021–2023.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 73
(38): 844–853.

Wheeler, M., and A. M. Buttenheim. 2013. “Parental Vaccine Concerns, Information Source, and Choice of Alternative Immunization Schedules.” Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics 9 (8): 1782–1789.

Olson, O., C. Berry, and N. Kumar. 2020. “Addressing Parental Vaccine Hesitancy Towards Childhood Vaccines in the United States: A Systematic Literature Review of Communication Interventions and Strategies.” Vaccines (Basel) 8 (4): 590.

Pediatrics Journal Study 2019: This study examined trends in delayed vaccination schedules and parental decision-making regarding childhood vaccines.

Healthy People 2030: A national health objective aiming to increase childhood vaccination rates. https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/children

Senate Bill No. 276, Chapter 278. An act to amend Sections 120370, 120375, and 120440 of, and to add Sections 120372 and 120372.05 to, the Health and Safety Code, relating to public health. Approved by Governor September 09, 2019. Filed with Secretary of State September 09, 2019. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB276

Senate Bill No. 714, Chapter 281. An act to amend Sections 120370, 120372, and 120372.05 of the Health and Safety Code, relating to public health. Approved by Governor September 09, 2019. Filed with Secretary of State September 09,2019. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB714

Lambert, D., D. J. Willis, and Y. Xie. 2023. “570 California Schools Targeted for Low Vaccination
Rates.” ED Source. Retrieved from https://edsource.org/2023/570-california-schools-targeted-
for-low-vaccination-rates/696986?amp=1.

Current Vaccine Schedule and Navigating the Future of Vaccination

Immunization Schedule. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/imz-schedules/index.html

Section 3-The Influence Economy: The Cost of Controlling the Message

Rockefeller, John D., History. https://www.history.com/topics/early-20th-century-us/john-d-rockafeller.

Semba, R.D. 2012. “The Vitamin A Story: Lifting the Shadow of Death.” World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics 104: 1-10. Karger.

Duffy, T. P. 2011. “The Flexner Report—100 Years Later.” Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 84 (3): 269–276.

King, L. S. 1965. “A History of the Rockefeller Institute 1901–1953: Origins and Growth.” JAMA 192 (12): 1108.

Chernow, R. 2004. Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller Sr. Vintage Books.

McDowell, L. Vitamin History, The Early Years. Kindle Edition.

Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 2003. Ascorbic acid. Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 2nd ed.

Cody, G. W. 2018. “The Origins of Integrative Medicine—The First True Integrators: The Roots.” Integrative Medicine (Encinitas). 17 (1): 18–21.

Fraser, Ivan, and Mark Beeston. The Pharmaceutical Racket, Biblioteca Plaeyades. Accessed April 2010.

A Short Curriculum Vitae of I.G. Farben, Biblioteca Plaeyades, accessed October 2009

Flexner, Abraham. 1910. “Medical Education in the United States and Canada: A Report to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.” Bulletin No. 4. New York City: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
http://archive.carnegiefoundation.org/publications/pdfs/elibrary/Carnegie_Flexner_Report.pdf.

Pharma’s Entanglement with Doctors, Research and Medical Learning Institutions

FEDERAL ANTI-KICKBACK LAW AND REGULATORY SAFE HARBORS. Anti-Kickback Statute, 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7b. https://oig.hhs.gov/fraud/docs/safeharborregulations/safefs.htm

Fraud & Abuse Laws. https://oig.hhs.gov/compliance/physician-education/fraud-abuse-laws/

United States Congress. 2010. Physician Payments Sunshine Act. Public Law No. 111-148, 124 Stat. 119 (2010).

University of California, San Francisco. 2010. “UCSF Partners with Pfizer to Improve Drug Discovery and Development.” https://www.novartis.com/news/media-releases/novartis-teams-harvard-develop-next-generation-biomaterial-systems-deliver-immunotherapies

“Novartis Teams Up with Harvard to Develop Next Generation Biomaterial Systems to Deliver Immunotherapies.” 2018. https://www.novartis.com/news/media-releases/novartis-teams-harvard-develop-next-generation-biomaterial-systems-deliver-immunotherapies.

Kluger, J. 2009. “Is Drug-Company Money Tainting Medical Education?” https://time.com/archive/6933271/is-drug-company-money-tainting-medical-education/.

Nguyen, D. D., A. Murayama, A. L. Nguyen, et al. 2024. “Payments by Drug and Medical Device Manufacturers to US Peer Reviewers of Major Medical Journals.” JAMA 332 (17): 1480–1482.

Political Contributions

Baxter, A. 2024. “Where Big Pharma’s Campaign Cash Is Flowing in This Election.” PharmaVoice.

Cirruzzo, C., and B. Leonard. 2024. “Pharma Lobbying Up in 2024.” Politico.

GVWire. 2024. “Big Pharma Backs Harris 6-to-1 over Trump in Presidential Campaign Contributions.”
Pharmaceuticals / Health Products Recipients. https://www.opensecrets.org/industries/recips?cycle=2024&ind=H04.

The “Revolving Door” Between Pharma and the FDA

Bien, J., and V. Prasad. 2016. “Future Jobs of FDA’s Haematology-Oncology Reviewers.” BMJ 354.

Advertising and the Media

United States Congress. 1938. Wheeler-Lea Act, Amendment to Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act. Public Law No. 75–447.

Freer, R. E. 1938. The Wheeler-Lea Act. Speech presented at the Annual Convention of the Proprietary Association, Biltmore Hotel, New York, NY. https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/public_statements/676351/19380517_freer_whe_wheeler-lea_act.pdf

Chadduck, H. W. 1972. “In Brief Summary: Prescription Drug Advertising, 1962–1971.” FDA Papers.

Donohue, J. 2006. “A History of Drug Advertising: The Evolving Roles of Consumers and Consumer Protection.” Milbank Quarterly 84 (4): 659–699.

Ruge, R. B. 1969. “Regulation of Prescription Drug Advertising: Medical Progress and Private Enterprise.” Publishing Entertainment Advertising Law Quarterly 9 (3): 261–99.

Greene, J. A., and S. H. Podolsky. 2012. “Reform, Regulation, and Pharmaceuticals—The Kefauver-Harris Amendments at 50.” New England Journal of Medicine 367 (16): 1481–1483.

Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services (FDA/DHHS) Regulations for the Enforcement of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. Federal Register 1969; 34:7802.

Pines, W. L. 1999. “A History and Perspective on Direct-to-Consumer Promotion.” Food and Drug Law Journal 54:489.

US Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; Staff Report on Prescription Drug Advertising to Consumers.

Kolata, G. 1983. “Prescription Drug Ads Put FDA on the Spot.” Science 220 (4595): 387–88. doi: 10.1126/science.6836280.

Basara, L. R. 1992. “Direct-to-Consumer Advertising: Today’s Issues and Tomorrow’s Outlook.” Journal of Drug Issues. 22 (2): 317–30.

Morris, L. A., D. Brinberg, and R. Klimberg et al. 1986. “The Attitudes of Consumers Toward Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs.” Public Health Reports b (101): 82–89.

Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services (FDA/DHHS) Direct-to-Consumer Advertising Moratorium for Prescription Drugs Ended. Federal Register 1985; 50: 36677.

“FDA Approves First Buprenorphine Implant for Treatment of Opioid Dependence.” Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-buprenorphine-implant-treatment-opioid-dependence.

“What Is Probuphine (Buprenorphine)?” Braeburn Pharmaceuticals. Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170606064738/http://probuphine.com/about-probuphine/.

Statista. “Pharmaceutical Industry TV Advertising Spending in the United States from 2016 to 2020.” https://www.statista.com/statistics/953104/pharma-industry-tv-ad-spend-us/#:~:text=Published%20by,of%20the%20total%20ad%20spend.

US Government Accountability Office. 2021. Prescription Drugs: Medicare Spending on Drugs with Direct-
to-Consumer Advertising (GAO-21-380).

Sismondo, S. 2008. “Pharmaceutical Company Funding and Its Consequences: A Qualitative Systematic Review.” Contemporary Clinical Trials 29 (2): 109–113. This study reviews how funding from pharmaceutical companies can influence clinical trials and reporting.

Schwitzer, G. “Conflicts of Interest in Health Care Journalism: Who’s Watching the Watchdogs?” HealthNewsReview.org.

Spurling, G. K., P. R. Mansfield, and B. D. Montgomery et al. 2010. “Information from Pharmaceutical Companies and the Quality, Quantity, and Cost of Physicians’ Prescribing: A Systematic Review.” PLoS Medicine 7 (10): e1000352.

McCoy, M. S., M. Carniol, and K. Chockley et al.2017. “Conflicts of Interest for Patient-Advocacy Organizations.” New England Journal of Medicine 376: 880–885.

Section 4-Between Scylla and Charybdis: Weighing The Options

Klein, N. P., Abu-Elyazeed, R., Povey, M., Parra, M. M., Diez-Domingo, J., Ahonen, A., Korhonen, T., Tinoco, J.-C., Weiner, L., Marshall, G. S., Silas, P. E., Sarpong, K. O., Ramsey, K. P., Fling, J.A., Speicher, D., Campos, M., Munjal, I., Peltier, C., Vesikari, T., Baccarini, C., Caplanusi, A.,
Gillard, P., Carryn, S., & Henry, O. (2019). Immunogenicity and safety of a measles-mumps-rubella vaccine administered as a first dose to children aged 12 to 15 months: A Phase III,randomized, noninferiority, lot-to-lot consistency study. Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Society, 9(2), 194–201.

Section 5-Speaking the Language of Vaccines

CDC. “Possible Side Effects from Vaccines.” https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/basics/possible-side-effects.html

Section 6- Inside the Syringe: A Closer Look at Individual Vaccines

Hep B

CDC. Hepatitis B. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-b/

CDC. 2020. “Number of Newly Reported Cases of Perinatal Hepatitis B Virus Infection, by State or
Jurisdiction — United States.” https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2020surveillance/hepatitis-b/table-2.4.htm.

Viral Hepatitis. 2020. “Reported Risk Behaviors or Exposures Among Reported Cases of Acute
Hepatitis B Virus Infection — United States.” https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2020surveillance/hepatitis-b/table-2.3.htm.

WHO. “Spread of Hepatitis B in Children Under Five, Lowest in Decades: WHO.” https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/07/1069071.

Immunize.org. Needle Tips. 2000. “Infant Dies of Fulminant Hepatitis B.” https://www.immunize.org/clinical/vaccine-confidence/unprotected-people/story/infant-dies-of-fulminant-hepatitis-b/.

Hepatitis B Surveillance 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2020surveillance/hepatitis-b.htm#:~:text=During%202020%2C%20a%20total%20of,5.0%20cases%20per%20100%2C000%20people.

“Rates of Reported Cases † of Acute Hepatitis B Virus Infection, by Age Group — United States, 2005-2020.” https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2020surveillance/hepatitis-b/figure-2.4.htm.

Vitamin K

“About Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding.” https://www.cdc.gov/vitamin-k-deficiency/about/index.html.

Zurynski, Y., C. J. Grover, B. Jalaludin et al. 2020. “Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding in Australian Infants 1993–2017: An Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit Study.” Archives of Disease in Childhood 105 (5), 433–438.

Cappetto, S. G., MD, FAAP. 2021. “When You’re Not OK Without Vitamin K.” Pediatrics 147 (3_MeetingAbstract): 455–457.

Jullien, S. 2021. “Vitamin K Prophylaxis in Newborns.” BMC Pediatrics 21(Suppl. 1), Article 350.

Shearer, M. J. 2009. “Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding (VKDB) in Early Infancy.” Blood Reviews 23 (2):
49–59.

RSV

USAFacts. 2023. “What Is the State of RSV in the United States?” https://usafacts.org/articles/what-is-the-state-of-rsv-in-the-united-states/.

McMorrow, M. L., H. L. Moline, and A. P. Toepfer et al. 2024. “Respiratory syncytial Virus-Associated Hospitalizations in Children <5 Years: 2016–2022.” Pediatrics 154 (1): e2023065623.

“Beyfortus® Immunization to Protect Infants from RSV Has Begun.” https://sanoficanada.mediaroom.com/2024-10-28-Beyfortus-R-immunization-to-protect-infants-from-RSV-has-begun.

“Beyfortus Real-World Evidence Published in the Lancet Shows 82% Reduction in Infant RSV Hospitalizations.” 2024. https://www.sanofi.com/assets/dotcom/pressreleases/2024/2024-05-02-05-00-00-2873804-en.pdf.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. “CDC Study Shows Effectiveness of RSV Immunization for Infants: Early Data from the New Vaccine Surveillance Network Show Nirsevimab Is 90% Effective in Preventing Infants from Being Hospitalized with RSV.” https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2024/s0307-rsv-immunization.html.

Banoun, H. 2024. “Analysis of Beyfortus® (Nirsevimab) Immunization Campaign: Effectiveness, Biases, and ADE Risks in RSV Prevention.” Current Issues in Molecular Biology 46 (9): 10369–10395.

US Food and Drug Administration. 2023. “FDA Approves New Drug to Prevent RSV in Babies and Toddlers.” Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda- approves-new-drug-prevent-rsv-babies-and-toddlers.

DTAP

Hardman, C. “A Death from Diphtheria.” https://www.immunize.org/clinical/vaccine-confidence/unprotected-people/story/death-diphtheria/.

CDC. “Clinical Features of Pertussis.” https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/hcp/clinical-signs/index.html.

Havers, F. P., P. L. Moro, and S. Hariri et al. 2024. “Pertussis.” In Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. (14th ed.) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/pinkbook/hcp/table-of-contents/chapter-16-pertussis.html.

CDC. “Diphthertussis Vaccination: What Everyone Should Know.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Last reviewed March 2022.

CDC. “Tetanus Surveillance — United States, 2001–2019.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2021.

CDC. “Pertussis (Whooping Cough): Surveillance and Reporting.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Last reviewed April 2022.

CDC. “Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases.” The Pink Book. (13th ed.) https://www.webmd.com/children/news/20240815/whooping-cough-may-be-on-pace-for-5-year-high-us.

Vitek, C. R., and M. Wharton. 2008. “Diphtheria Toxoid.” In Vaccines. (5th ed.) Plotkin, S. A., W.A. Orenstein, and P. A. Offit, eds. Saunders.

Wassilak, S. G. F., M. H. Roper, and K. Kretsinger et al. 2008. “Tetanus Toxoid.” In Vaccines. (5th ed.) Plotkin, S. A., W. A. Orenstein, and P. A. Offit, eds. Saunders.

Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration. Biological products; “Bacterial Vaccines and Toxoids; Implementation of Efficacy Review; Proposed Rule.” Federal Register 1985; 50 (240): 51002–51117.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2006. “General Recommendations on Immunization. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 55 (RR-15): 1–48.

Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Vaccine. Retrieved from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/21639-pertussis-whooping-cough-vaccine.

Domenech de Cellès, M., P. Rohani, and A. A. King. 2019. “Duration of Immunity and Effectiveness of Diphtheria-Tetanus–Acellular Pertussis Vaccines in Children.” JAMA Pediatrics 173 (6):588–594.

CBS News Los Angeles. 2019. Whooping Cough Outbreak at Harvard-Westlake School. Retrieved from https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/whooping-cough-harvard-westlake/.

Center for Media Engagement. 2022. Advertiser Spending on Primetime News Throughout the Coronavirus
Pandemic. Retrieved from https://mediaengagement.org/research/ad-spending-on-primetime-news-coronavirus/.

Stratton, K. R., et al., eds. 1994. Adverse Events Associated with Childhood Vaccines: Evidence Bearing on Causality. Washington, D. C.: National Academy Press.

Stainer, D. W., and M. J. Scholte. 1970. “A Simple Chemically Defined Medium for the Production pf Phase I Bordetella Pertussis.” The Journal of General Microbiology 63: 211–20.

Stainer, D. W. 1991. “Production of Diphtheria Toxin.” In Proceedings of an Informal Consultation on the World Health Organization Requirements for Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, and Combined Vaccines, edited by C. R. Manclark. United States Public Health Service, Bethesda, MD.

Mueller, J. H., and P. A. Miller. 1954. “Variable Factors influencing the Production of TetanusToxin.” Journal of Bacteriology 67 (3): 271–7.

Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration. “BiologicalProducts; Bacterial Vaccines and Toxoids; Implementation of Efficacy Review; ProposedRule.” Federal Register 1985; 50 (240): 51002-117.

Wharton, M., et al. 2004. “Diphtheria Toxoid.” In Vaccines (4th ed.), edited by Plotkin, S. A., andW. A. Orenstein. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders.

Wassilak, S. G. F., et al. 2004. “Tetanus Toxoid.” In Vaccines (4th ed.), edited by Plotkin, S. A., andW. A. Orenstein. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders.

MediaRadar. 2023. Prescriptions and Primetime: Medical and Pharma Advertisers Spend Billions on TV. Retrieved from https://mediaradar.com/blog/medical-and-pharma-advertisers/.

Hib

“Hib Meningitis Strikes Unvaccinated Infant.” https://www.immunize.org/clinical/vaccine-confidence/unprotected-people/story/hib-meningitis-strikes-unvaccinated-infant/.

“Haemophilus influenzae Disease Surveillance and Trends.” https://www.cdc.gov/hi-disease/php/surveillance/index.html.

“Haemophilus influenzae Disease Annual Epidemiological Report for 2022.” https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/Haemophilus%20influenzae_AER_2022_Report-final.pdf.

Cochi, S. L., et al. 1985. “Immunization of US Children with Haemophilus influenzae Type B Polysaccharide Vaccine: A Cost-Effectiveness Model of Strategy Assessment.” JAMA 253: 521–529.

Schlech, W. F., III, et al. 1985. “Bacterial Meningitis in the United States, 1978 through 1981. The National Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance Study.” JAMA 253: 1749–1754.

Peltola, H., et al. 1984. “Prevention of Haemophilus influenzae Type B Bacteremic Infections with the Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine.” New England Journal of Medicine 310: 1561–1566.

Cadoz, M., et al. 1981. “Etude Epidemiologique des cas de Meningitis Purulentes Hospitalises a Dakar Pendant la Decemie 1970–1979.” Bull WHO 59: 575–584.

Sell, S. H., et al. 1972. “Long-term Sequelae of Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis.” Pediatrics 49: 206–217.

Taylor, H. G., et al. 1984. “Intellectual, Neuropsychological, and Achievement Outcomes in Children Six to Eight Years After Recovery from Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis.” Pediatrics 74: 198–205.

Hay, J. W., et al. 1987. “Cost-Benefit Analysis of Two Strategies for Prevention of Haemophilus influenzae Type B Infection.” Pediatrics 80(3): 319–329.

Polio

Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). 2023. Polio Now. polioeradication.org.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2022. Poliomyelitis (Polio) – Surveillance, Last US Case. cdc.gov/polio.

World Health Organization (WHO). 2023. Polio – Key Facts. who.int.

United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF). 2023. Polio: The Fight Against Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Outbreaks. unicef.org.

World Health Organization (WHO). 2023. Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) and Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus (VDPV). who.int.

World Health Organization. (n.d.). “Polio Vaccines: WHO Position Paper, March 2016.”

Global Polio Eradication Initiative. (n.d.). “Polio Vaccines and Vaccination Practices.”

PCV

“Three-Year-Old’s Ordeal with Severe Pneumococcal Disease Includes Bloodstream and Lung Infection.” https://www.immunize.org/clinical/vaccine-confidence/unprotected-people/story/three-year-old-severe-pneumococcal-disease/.

“Our world in Data. Deaths from Pneumonia.” https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/deaths-from-pneumonia.

Stobbe, M. 2024. People 50 and Older Should Get Pneumococcal Vaccine, US Health Officials Recommend. Associated Press. Retrieved from https://apnews.com/article/pneumococcal-vaccine-cdc-546bd33b402c30b2b36880d16d45e9db.

Drummond, C. L. 2024. Merck’s Newly-Approved Vaccine Offers Stronger Pneumonia Protection than Other Shots. Verywell Health. Retrieved from https://www.verywellhealth.com/merck-capvaxive-pneumonia-shot-8671373?utm_source=chatgpt.com.

Wasserman, M., R. Chapman, R. Lapidot, et al. 2021. “Twenty-Year Public Health Impact of 7- and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in US Children.” Emerging Infectious Diseases 27 (6). Retrieved from https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/27/6/20-4238_article.

Rotavirus

CDC. Clinical Overview of Rotavirus. https://www.cdc.gov/rotavirus/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html.

Troeger, C., I. A. Khalil, P. C. Rao, et al. 2018. “Rotavirus Vaccination and the Global Burden of Rotavirus Diarrhea Among Children Younger than 5 Years.” JAMA Pediatrics 172 (10): 958–965.

Johns Hopkins. “Rotavirus Disease and Immunization: An Overview.” https://publichealth.jhu.edu/sites/default/files/2024-02/rota-overview2022ax.pdf.

MMR

CDC. “History of Measles”. https://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/history.html

WHO. Measles. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/measles

Dahl, R. “Measles: A Dangerous Illness”. https://www.immunize.org/clinical/vaccine-confidence/unprotected-people/story/measles-dangerous-illness-dahl/

CDC. “Measles Cases and Outbreaks”. https://www.cdc.gov/measles/data-research/index.html

CDC. “Measles, Mumps, and Rubella”. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/measles.htm

Varicella (VZV)

CDC. “Varicella”. https://www.cdc.gov/surv-manual/php/table-of-contents/chapter-17-varicella.html

Marin, M., A. S. Lopez, M. Melgar, et al. 2022. “Decline in Severe Varicella Disease During the United States Varicella Vaccination Program: Hospitalizations and Deaths, 1990–2019.” The Journal of Infectious Diseases 226 (Supplement_4): S407–S415.

Leung, J., A. S. Lopez, and M. Marin. 2022. “Changing Epidemiology of Varicella Outbreaks in the United States During the Varicella Vaccination Program, 1995–2019.” The Journal of Infectious Diseases 226 (Supplement_4), S400–S406.

Hep A

“When People Got Sick: Hepatitis A Outbreak”, 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/outbreaks/frozen-strawberries-2023/timeline.html

Hofmeister, M. G., Gupta, N., & Hepatitis A Mortality Investigators. (2023). “Preventable deaths during widespread community hepatitis A outbreaks — United States, 2016–2022”. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 72(42), 1128–1133.

Foster, M. “Chapter 9: Hepatitis A”. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/pinkbook/hcp/table-of-contents/chapter-9-hepatitis-a.html

HPV

CDC. “About HPV Vaccines”. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/hpv/hcp/vaccines.html

MCV

“Meningococcal Disease”. https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/

CV19

Soucheray, S. 2022. Report: COVID-19 Vaccines Saved US $1.15 Trillion, 3 Million Lives. Center for
Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP). Retrieved from. https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/covid-19/report-covid-19-vaccines-saved-us-115-trillion-3-million-lives?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email.

“Two Years of US COVID-19 Vaccines Have Prevented Millions of Hospitalizations and Deaths.”
https://www.commonwealthfund.org/blog/2022/two-years-covid-vaccines-prevented-millions-deaths-hospitalizations.

Bell, J., L. Meng, and K. Barbre, et al. 2024. “Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Among Health Care Personnel — National Healthcare Safety Network, United States, 2023–24 Respiratory Virus Season.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 73 (43): 966–972.

Section 6- What is the Bottom Turtle Standing On: The Way Vaccine Manufacturers Have Set-Up Vaccine Trials for Success

Guinee, V. F., D. A. Henderson, and H. L. Casey, et al. 1966. “Cooperative Measles Vaccine Field Trial: I. Clinical Efficacy.” Pediatrics 37 (4): 649–665.

“Unwritten Philosophy.” New-York Mirror 16 (12): 91.

Locke, J. 1689. “An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Book II, Chapter XXIII, Section 2.”

Hume, D. 1779. “Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, Part 4.”

Charpentier, J. 1924. “A Treatise on Hindu Cosmography from the Seventeenth Century (Brit. Mus. MS. Sloane 2748 A).” Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London 3 (2): 317–342, citing John Hay, De rebus Japonicis, Indicis, and Peruanis epistulæ recentiores
(Antwerp 1605, 803f).

Sweetman, W. 1924. Indology mailing list, citing Dieter Henrich, ‘Die “wahrhafte Schildkröte”’ Hegel-Studien 2 (1963), pp. 281–91, and J. Charpentier, “A Treatise on Hindu Cosmography from the Seventeenth Century (Brit. Mus. MS. Sloane 2748 A).” Bulletin of the School of
Oriental Studies, University of London 3 (2): 317–342.

“Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine (MMR).” https://icandecide.org/article/measles-mumps- and-rubella-vaccine-mmr/.

Hendriks, J., and S. Blume. 2013. “Measles Vaccination Before the Measles-Mumps-Rubella
Vaccine.” American Journal of Public Health 103 (8): 1393–1401.

Lewis, E., H. R. Shinefield, and B. A. Woodruff et al. 2001. “Safety of Neonatal Hepatitis B Vaccine Administration.” Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 20 (11): 1049–1054.

Lewis, E., et al. 2001. “Safety of Neonatal Hepatitis B Vaccine Administration.” Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 20 (11): 1049–54.

The Hideous Truths of Testing Vaccines on Humans. https://www.forbes.com/sites/leahrosenbaum/2020/06/12/willowbrook-scandal-hepatitis-
experiments-hideous-truths-of-testing-vaccines-on-humans/.

Ad Hoc Group for the Study of Pertussis Vaccines. 1988. “Placebo-Controlled Trial of Two Acellular Pertussis Vaccines in Sweden—Protective Efficacy and Adverse Events.” The Lancet 1 (8592): 955-960. PMID: 2896826. Erratum in The Lancet 1 (8596), 1238.

Galil, K., C. Brown, and F. Lin et al. 2002. “Hospitalizations for Varicella in the United States, 1988 to 1999.” Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 21:931–935.

Prymula, R., M. R. Bergsaker, S. Esposito et al. 2014. “Protection Against Varicella with Two Doses of Combined Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Varicella Vaccine Versus One Dose of Monovalent Varicella Vaccine: A Multicentre, Observer-Blind, Randomised, Controlled Trial.” The Lancet
383 (9925): 1313–1324.

Shapiro, E. D., M. Vazquez, D. Esposito et al. 2011. “Effectiveness of 2 Doses of Varicella Vaccine in Children.” Journal of Infectious Diseases 203 (3): 312–315.

Velázquez, F. R., R. E. Colindres, and C. Grajales et al. 2012. “Postmarketing Surveillance of Intussusception Following Mass Introduction of the Attenuated Human Rotavirus Vaccine in Mexico.” Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 31 (7): 736–744.

“FDA Continues to Avoid Ican’s Petition to Suspend the Ipol Polio Vaccine for Children.” https://icandecide.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/IPOL-FDA-Letter-Data.pdf.

Section 7- Let’s Talk About Newborn Vaccines

“U.S. Constitution Annotated, Article III, Section 2, Clause 1: States and Parens Patriae. Constitution Annotated.” Retrieved from https://constitution.congress.gov/.

Prince v. Massachusetts, 321 U.S. 158 (1944). U.S. Supreme Court. Argued December 14, 1943, decided January 31, 1944. Retrieved from https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/321/158/.

Hep B

Hepatitis B Foundation. Baruch Blumberg, MD, DPhil. https://www.hepb.org/about-us/baruch-blumberg-md dphil/#:~:text=Blumberg%20won%20the%20Nobel%20Prize,Day%20in%20honor%20of%20Dr.

Schillie, S., C. Vellozzi, A. Reingold et al. 2018. “Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Recommendations and Reports 67 (1): 1–31.

Vitamin K

“Real Stories: People with Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding.” https://www.cdc.gov/vitamin-k- deficiency/stories/index.html.

Shearer, M. J. 2009. “Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding (VKDB) in Early Infancy.” Blood Reviews 23 (2): 49–59.

Cappetto, S. G. 2021. “When You’re Not OK Without Vitamin K.” Pediatrics 147 (3_MeetingAbstract): 455–457.

Golding, J., R. Greenwood, and K. Birmingham et al. 1992. “Childhood Cancer, Intramuscular Vitamin K, and Pethidine Given During Labour.” BMJ 305 (6849): 341–346

Ekelund, H., O. Finnström, and J. Gunnarskog J et al. 1993. “Administration of Vitamin K to Newborn Infants and Childhood Cancer.” British Medical Journal.

Golding, J., M. Paterson, and L. J. Kinlen. 1990. “Factors Associated with Childhood Cancer in a National Cohort Study.” British Journal of Cancer 62 (3):430–438.

Golding, J., R. Greenwood, and K. Birmingham et al. 1992. “Childhood Cancer, Intramuscular Vitamin K, and Pethidine Given During Labour.” British Medical Journal 305: 341–346.

Hall, M. A., and P. Pairaudeau. 1987. “The Routine Use of Vitamin K in the Newborn.” Midwifery 3:170–177.

Handel, J., and J. H. Tripp. 1991. “Vitamin K Prophylaxis Against Haemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn in the United Kingdom.” British Medical Journal 303:1109.

Kaufman, T. 1999. “Vitamin K: An Accident Waiting to Happen or a Storm in a Teacup?” RCM Midwives Journal 2:251.

Roman, E., N. T. Fear, and P. Ansell et al. 2002. “Vitamin K and Childhood Cancer: Analysis of Individual Patient Data from Six Case-Control Studies.” British Journal of Cancer 86 (1): 63–69.

Tdap

Warfel, J. M., L. I.Zimmerman, and T. J. Merkel. 2014. “Acellular Pertussis Vaccines Protect Against Disease but Fail to Prevent Infection and Transmission in a Nonhuman Primate Model.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111 (2): 787–792. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1314688110.

Althouse, B. M., and S. V. Scarpino. 2015. “Asymptomatic Transmission and the Resurgence of Bordetella Pertussis.” BMC Medicine 13, Article 146.

de Graaf, H., M. Ibrahim, and A. R. Hill et al. 2020. “Controlled Human Infection with Bordetella Pertussis Induces Asymptomatic, Immunizing Colonization.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 71 (2): 403–411.

Craig, R., E. Kunkel, and N. S. Crowcroft et al. 2020. “Asymptomatic Infection and Transmission of Pertussis in Households: A Systematic Review.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 70 (1): 152–161.

Campbell, H., S. Gupta, and G. P. Dolan et al. 2018. “Review of Vaccination in Pregnancy to Prevent Pertussis in Early Infancy.” Journal of Medical Microbiology 67 (10).

Section 8-Tackling Individual Childhood Vaccine Controversies: MMR, DTaP, HPV, Varicella, and Influenza

MMR

Di Pietrantonj, C., et al. 2020. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4). Miyazaki, C., et al. 1993. “Aseptic Meningitis after Mumps Virus Vaccination.” Lancet 341 (8850): 980–982.

Stratton, K., C. B. Wilson, and M. C. McCormick. 2001. “Immunization Safety Review: Measles- Mumps-Rubella Vaccine and Autism.” Institute of Medicine.

Morfin, F., A. Beguin, and B. Lina et al. 2002. “Detection of Measles Vaccine in the Throat of a Vaccinated Child.” Vaccine 20 (11–12): 1541–1543.

Gouma, S., S. J. M. Hahné, and D. B. Gijselaar et al. 2016. “Severity of Mumps Disease Is Related to MMR Vaccination Status and Viral Shedding.” Vaccine 34 (16): 1868–1873.

Plotkin, S., et al. 2018. Vaccines. (7th ed.) Elsevier.

DTaP

“Prescriptions & Primetime: Medical and Pharma Advertisers Spend Billions on TV.” 2023 https://mediaradar.com/blog/medical-and-pharma-advertisers/#:~:text=Overall%2C%20spending%20from%20medical%20&%20pharma,that%20to%20the%20Super%20Bowl.

HPV

National Cancer Institute. “HPV and Cancer.” https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer.

Liqin Cheng, Yan Wang, and Juan Du. 2020. “Human Papillomavirus Vaccines: An Updated Review.” Vaccines (Basel) 8(3): 391.

Xiao Hua Tao, Mei Hua He, et al. 2014. “Efficacy and Safety of Photodynamic Therapy for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Systemic Review.” Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy.

Arbyn, M. and L. Xu. “Efficacy and Safety of Prophylactic HPV Vaccines: A Cochrane Review of Randomized Trials.” Received 31 Jul 2018, accepted 12 Nov 2018, published online: 29 Nov 2018. Pages 1085–1091.

Falcaro, M., A. Castañon, and B. Ndlela et al. 2021. “The Effects of the National HPV Vaccination Programme in England, UK, on Cervical Cancer and Grade 3 Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Incidence: A Register-Based Observational Study.” The Lancet 398 (10316): 2084–2092.

“School Entry Requirements for HPV.” http://hpvroundtable.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/09/05_School_Entry_Requirements_for_HPV_Vaccination_WEB_updated
.pdf.

CDC. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Safety.” https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/hpv.html#:~:text=From%20its%20licensure%20in%20June,available%20in%20the
%20United%20States.

Senate Bill S298B. Brad Hoylman-Sigal. “Provides for the Immunization of All Children Born After January 1, 2009 Against the Human Papillomavirus (HPV).” 2019–2020 Legislative Session.

Arnheim-Dahlström, L., B. Pasternak, and H. Svanström et al. 2013. “Autoimmune, Neurological, and Venous Thromboembolic Adverse Events After Immunization of Adolescent Girls with Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in Denmark and Sweden: Cohort Study.” BMJ
347: f5906.

Brinth, L., K. Pors., and A. C. Theibel et al. 2015. “Suspected Side Effects to the Quadrivalent Human Papilloma Vaccine.” Clinical Rheumatology 34 (7): 1225–1233.

Slade, B. A., L. Leidel, and C. Vellozzi et al. 2009. “Postlicensure Safety Surveillance for Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine.” JAMA 302 (7): 750–757.

Souayah, Nizar et al. 2011. “Guillain–Barré Syndrome After Gardasil Vaccination: Data from Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System 2006–2009.” Vaccine 29 (5): 886–889.

Tomljenovic, L., and C. A. Shaw. 2013. “Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines as an Option for Preventing Cervical Malignancies: (How) Effective and Safe?” Current Pharmaceutical Design 19 (8), 1466–1487.

Arbyn, M., L. Xu, and C. Simoens et al. 2018. “Prophylactic Vaccination Against Human Papillomaviruses to Prevent Cervical Cancer and Its Precursors.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (5).

Kechagias, K. et al. 2022. “Role of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination on HPV Infection and Recurrence of HPV Related Disease After Local Surgical Treatment: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” BMJ 378.

Varicella

“Shingles Facts and Stats.” https://www.cdc.gov/shingles/data-research/index.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com.

Wolfson, Lara J., Vincent J. Daniels, and Alexandra Altland et al. 2020. “The Impact of Varicella Vaccination on the Incidence of Varicella and Herpes Zoster in the United States: Updated Evidence from Observational Databases, 1991–2016.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 70 (6): 995–1002.

Antrim, Aislinn. 2020. “Cost of Herpes Zoster, Complications May Hit $2.4 Billion Annually in United States.” Pharmacy Times 88 (4).

Carter, Tonya M. 2020. “Shingles: Not Just a Rash.” The Journal for Nurse Practitioners 16 (2): 111–115.

Edmunds, W. J., and M. Brisson. 2002. “The Effect of Vaccination on the Epidemiology of Varicella Zoster Virus.” Journal of Infection 44 (4): 211–219.

Harpaz, R. 2019. “Do Varicella Vaccination Programs Change the Epidemiology of Herpes Zoster? A Comprehensive Review, with Focus on the United States.” Expert Review of Vaccines 18 (8): 793–811. Received 15 Mar 2019, accepted 17 Jul 2019, published online: 12 Aug 2019.

Influenza

Russell, K., J. R. Chung, and A. S. Monto et al. 2018. “Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Older Adults Compared with Younger Adults Over Five Seasons.” Vaccine 36 (10): 1272–1278.

Cowling, B. J., V. J. Fang, and H. Nishiura et al. 2012. “Increased Risk of Non-Influenza Respiratory Virus Infections Associated with Receipt of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine.” Clinical Infectious Diseases. 54 (12): 1778–1783. doi:10.1093/cid/cis307.

Jefferson, T., A. Rivetti A, and C. Di Pietrantonj C et al. 2012. “Vaccines for Preventing Influenza in Healthy Children.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012 (8): CD004879. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004879.pub4.

Belongia, E. A., M. D. Simpson MD, and J. P. King et al. 2016. “Variable Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness by Subtype: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Test-Negative Design Studies.” Lancet Infectious Diseases 16 (8): 942–951. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(16)00129-8.

Osterholm, M. T., N. S. Kelley, and A. Sommer A et al. 2012. “Efficacy and effectiveness of Influenza Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Lancet Infectious Diseases 12 (1): 36–44. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70295-X.

Haber, P., J. Sejvar, and Y. Mikaeloff et al. 2009. “Vaccines and Guillain-Barré Syndrome.” Drug Safety 32 (4): 309–323. doi:10.2165/00002018-200932040-00005.

Chung, J. R., M. A. Rolfes, and B. Flannery et al. and US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network, the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network, and the Assessment Branch, Immunization Services Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020. “Effects of Influenza Vaccination in the United States During the 2018–2019 Influenza Season.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 71 (8): e368–e376.

Section 9- Heavy Questions: The Role of Metals in Vaccines

Lead

Lead Paint ad. https://www.slowspace.org/toxic-building-materials-construction/dutch-boy-lead-paint-ad/.

CDC. “About Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention.” https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/about/index.html#:~:text=No%20safe%20blood%20lead%20level,have%20been%20exposed%20to%20lead.

Jacobs, D.E., and M.J. Brown 2022. “Childhood Lead Poisoning 1970-2022: Charting Progress and Needed Reforms.” Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 29(2): 230–240,

EPA. “Basic Information about Lead in Drinking Water.” https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/basic-information-about-lead-drinkingwater#:~:text=The%20Safe%20Drinking%20Water%20Act%20(SDWA)%20has,and%200.2%20percent%20for%20solder%20and%20flux.

Mercury/Thimerosal

Geier, D. A., L. K. Sykes, and M. R. Geier. 2007. “A Review of Thimerosal (Merthiolate) and Its Ethylmercury Breakdown Product: Specific Historical Considerations Regarding Safety and Effectiveness.” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews 10 (8): 575–596.

Ball, L. K., R. Ball, and R. D. Pratt. 2001. “An Assessment of Thimerosal Use in Childhood Vaccines.” Pediatrics 107 (5): 1147–1154.

Verstraeten, T., R. L. Davis, and F. DeStefano et al. and Vaccine Safety Datalink Team. 2003. “Safety of Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines: A Two-Phased Study of Computerized Health Maintenance Organization Databases.” Pediatrics 112 (5): 1039–1048.

Scientific Review of Vaccine Safety Datalink Information. Simpsonwood Retreat Center, Norcross, Georgia. [286-page transcript].(2000, June 7-8) https://archive.org/stream/TheSimpsonwoodDocuments/The-Simpsonwood-Documents_djvu.txt.

Aluminum

Greger, J. L. 1992. “Dietary and Other Sources of Aluminium Intake.” Ciba Foundation Symposium 169: 26–35. Discussion 35–49.

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (n.d.). Public Health Statement for Aluminum [CAS#: 7429-90-5]. Retrieved from Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry website. https://wwwn.cdc.gov/tsp/phs/phs.aspx?phsid=1076&toxid=34.

WHO. “Aluminium-Containing Food Additives.” https://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/Home/Chemical/6179.

Bohrer, D. 2016. “Aluminum in Subjects Receiving Parenteral Nutrition.” In Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care: 2049–2064.

Corkins, M. R., S. A. Abrams, and G. J. Fuchs, G. J., III et al. 2019. “Aluminum Effects in Infants and Children.” American Academy of Pediatrics.

Fortenberry, M., L. Hernandez, and J. Morton. 2017. “Evaluating Differences in Aluminum Exposure through Parenteral Nutrition in Neonatal Morbidities.” Nutrients 9 (11): 1249.

Aimanianda, V., J. Haensler, and S. Lacroix-Desmazes et al. 2009. “Novel Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Induction of Immune Responses by Aluminum Adjuvants.” Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 30, 287–295.

Beck, B. R., C. Hatz, and R. Brönnimann et al. 2003. “Successful Booster Antibody Response up to 54 Months after Single Primary Vaccination with Virosome-Formulated, Aluminum-Free Hepatitis A Vaccine.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 37(9): e126–e128.

Science 288 (5470). “Aluminum Is Put on Trial as a Vaccine Booster.” News Focus.

Hardlow, E., C. Linhart, and S. Connor et al. 2021. “The Measurement and Full Statistical Analysis Including Bayesian Methods of the Aluminium Content of Infant Vaccines.” Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 66 (126762).

Marrack, P., A. S. McKee, and M. W. Munks. 2009. “Towards an Understanding of the Adjuvant Action of Aluminum.” Nature Reviews Immunology 9 (4): 287–293.

Lindblad, E. B. 2004. “Aluminum Compounds for Use in Vaccines.” Immunology and Cell Biology 82 (5), 497–505.

Glenny, A. T., C. G. Pope, and H. Waddington et al. 1926. “The Antigenic Value of Toxoids Prepared by Treating Diphtheria Toxin with Formalin.” The Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 29 (1): 31–40.

Coffman, R. L., A. Sher, and R. A. Seder. 2010. “Vaccine Adjuvants: Putting Innate Immunity to Work.” Immunity 33(4): 492–503.

Plotkin, S. A. 2014. “Correlates of Protection Induced by Vaccination.” Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 17 (7): 1055–1065.

Section 10-Misinformation, Disinformation, and Malinformation, Oh My!-- Rethinking the Vaccine Conversation in an Era of Doubt

Van Zee A. 2009. “The Promotion and Marketing of OxyContin: Commercial Triumph, Public Health Tragedy”. American Journal of Public Health 99 (2): 221-227.

“GlaxoSmithKline to Plead Guilty and Pay $3 Billion to Resolve Fraud Allegations and Failure to Report Safety Data.” July 2012. https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/glaxosmithkline-plead-guilty- and-pay-3-billion-resolve-fraud-allegations-and-failure-
report#:~:text=GSK%20agreed%20to%20plead%20guilty,and%20Drug%20Administration% 20(FDA).

“Justice Department Announces Largest Health Care Fraud Settlement in Its History.” September 2009. https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-announces-largest-health-care-fraud-settlement-its-history.

Callaghan, T., Washburn, D., Goidel, K., Nuzhath, T., Spiegelman, A., Scobee, J., Moghtaderi, A., & Motta, M. 2022. “Imperfect Messengers? An Analysis of Vaccine Confidence Among Primary Care Physicians.” Vaccine 40 (18): 2588–2603.

Seither, R., O. B. Yusuf, and D. Dramann et al. 2024. “Coverage with Selected Vaccines and Exemption Rates Among Children in Kindergarten — United States, 2023–24 School Year.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 73 (41): 925-932. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwt/volumes/73/mm7341a3.htm.

Jones, “J. Far Fewer in U.S. Regard Childhood Vaccinations as Important.” August 2024 https://news.gallup.com/poll/648308/far-fewer-regard-childhood-vaccinations-important.aspx.

“New National Survey Shows Hesitancy About Vaccines This Fall.” September 2024. https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/mediaroom/pressreleaselisting/vaccine-survey.

Mosleh, O. 2025. “Thousands of Toronto Students Receiving Letters About Incomplete Vaccinations.” Toronto Star.

O’Neill, R. 2024. “Children Run Risk of Preventable Deaths from Declining Vaccinations.” Politico.

Adedzi, K. “Overview of Canadian School-Based Immunization Programs.”
https://canvax.ca/brief/overview-canadian-school-based-immunization-programs

Section 11-The Double Standard

Knudsen, B., and V. Prasad. 2023. “COVID-19 Vaccine Induced Myocarditis in Young Males: A Systematic Review. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 53 (4): e13947. doi: 10.1111/eci.13947.

Section 12- Exemptions

Senate Bill No. 276, Chapter 278. 2019–2020. SB-276 Immunizations: Medical Exemptions. An act to amend Sections 120370, 120375, and 120440 and to add Sections 120372 and 120372.05 to the Health and Safety Code, relating to public health.

Senate Bill No. 714, Chapter 281. 2019–2020. SB-714 Immunizations. An act to amend Sections 120370, 120372, and 120372.05 of the Health and Safety Code, relating to public health.

Matheson, L. f/k/a Schmitt, L. A. vs. Schmitt, M. 2018. Videotaped Deposition of Stanley A. Plotkin, M. D. January 11. Case No. 2015-831539-DM, Circuit Court for Oakland County, Michigan, Family Division. Deposition taken at Golden Plough Inn, New Hope, Pennsylvania. Reported by Maureen Broderick, RPR, TSG Reporting—Worldwide. https://www.sirillp.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Plotkin-depo-transcript.pdf.

Plotkin, S. A., et al. 2017. History of Vaccine Development. Springer.

Pontifical Academy for Life. 2005. Moral Reflections on Vaccines Prepared from Cells Derived from Aborted Human Fetuses. Vatican.

Jacobson, R. M., et al. 2001. Vaccines: What Every Parent Should Know. American Academy of Pediatrics.

Hayflick, L. 1965. “The Limited in Vitro Lifetime of Human Diploid Cell Strains.” Experimental Cell Research.

King, C. “Children’s Hospital Denies Girl Spot on Transplant List due to Vaccine Status.” 2025. https://www.fox19.com/2025/02/11/childrens-hospital-denies-girl-spot-transplant-list-due-vaccine-status/#oii46po4h5s40g2n2tkzglxnmvujjscb.

“Breaking News: University of California Allows Religious Exemptions on the Heels of Two Successful ICAN-Backed Lawsuits.” https://icandecide.org/press-release/breaking-news-university-of-california-allows-religious-exemptions-on-the-heels-of-two-successful-ican-backed-lawsuits/.

Phadke, V. K., R. A. Bednaraczyk, and D. A. Salmon et al. 2016. JAMA 315 (11): 1149–58.

“Whooping Cough Vaccination.” https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/vaccines/index.html.

“ACIP Shared Clinical Decision-Making Recommendations.” https://www.cdc.gov/acip/vaccine-recommendations/shared-clinical-decision-making.htm

Scott Gottlieb Interview. https://x.com/matthewherper/status/1879240456258904260.

Brook, J. “Louisiana to End Mass Vaccine Promotion, State’s Top Health Official Says.” https://apnews.com/article/louisiana-vaccination-surgeon-general-8e2eecde047648e6fb62c4b44edd6566.

Kekatos, M. “Louisiana Health Department Says It Will Stop Promoting Mass Vaccination. Here’s What That Could Mean.” https://abcnews.go.com/amp/Health/louisiana-health-department-stop-promoting-mass-vaccination/story?id=118819674.

Section 13-Vaccinated vs. Unvaccinated Trials

The Belmont Report. https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/regulations-and-policy/belmont-report/read-the-belmont-report/index.html

National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. 1979. “The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research.” Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

Salmon DA, L.H. Moulton, S.B. Omer, et al. 2006. “Factors Associated with Refusal of Childhood Vaccines Among Parents of School-Aged Children: A Case-Control Study.” Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 159(5): 470-476.

Fine, P., Eames, K., and D.L. Heymann. 2011. “Herd Immunity: A Rough Guide.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 52 (7): 911–916.

Section 14-The Complex Landscape of Vaccine Research and the Long-Term Implications

NVIC’s Mission, Work, and Vision for the Future. https://www.nvic.org/about/mission-vision.

Smith, M. J., and C. R. Woods. 2010. “On-Time Vaccine Receipt in the First Year Does Not
Adversely Affect Neuropsychological Outcomes.” Pediatrics 125 (6): 1134–1141.

Salmon, D. A., W. A. Orenstein, and S. A. Plotkin et al. 2024. “Funding Postauthorization Vaccine-
Safety Science.” New England Journal of Medicine 391: 102–105.

Sparks, H. 2021. “NIH Orders $1.67M Study on How COVID-19 Vaccine Impacts Menstrual
Cycle.” New York Post. Updated September 7, 2021, 8:44 p.m. ET.

IOM reports

1991 Report:

Institute of Medicine. 1991. Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/1815/chapter/1

1994 Report:

Institute of Medicine. 1994. Adverse Events Associated with Childhood Vaccines: Evidence Bearing on Causality. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2138/adverse-events-associated-with-childhood-vaccines-evidence-bearing-on-causality

2012 Report:

Institute of Medicine. 2012. Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/13164/chapter/1#xvi.

Hewitson, L., B. J. Lopresti, C. Stott et al. 2010. “Influence of Pediatric Vaccines on Amygdala Growth and Opioid Ligand Binding in Rhesus Macaque Infants: A Pilot Study.” Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis (Wars) 70 (2), 147–164. doi: 10.55782/ane-2010-1787.

Hewitson, L., L. A. Houser, and C. Stott et al. (2010). “Delayed Acquisition of Neonatal Reflexes in Newborn Primates Receiving a Thimerosal-Containing Hepatitis B Vaccine: Influence of Gestational Age and Birth Weight.” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 73 (19):
1298–1313.

Luján, L., M. Pérez, E. Salazar, N. Álvarez, et al. 2013. “Autoimmune/Autoinflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA Syndrome) in Commercial Sheep.” Immunological Research 56(2–3): 317–324.

Barrios, C., C. Brandt, and M. Berney et al. 1996 “Partial Correction of the TH2/TH1 Imbalance in Neonatal Murine Responses to Vaccine Antigens Through Selective Adjuvant Effects.” European Journal of Immunology.

Kidd, P. 2003. “Th1/Th2 Balance: The Hypothesis, Its Limitations, and Implications for Health and Disease.” Alternative Medicine Review 8(3).

Romagnani, S. 2004. “Immunologic Influences on Allergy and the TH1/TH2 Balance.” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 113 (3): 395–400.

Colavita, A. M., A. J. Reinach, and S. P. Peters. 2000. “Contributing Factors to the Pathobiology of Asthma: The Th1/Th2 Paradigm.” Clinics in Chest Medicine 21 (2): 263–277.

Harding, A. 2008. “Research Shows Why 1960s RSV Shot Sickened Children.” Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/research-shows-why-1960s-rsv-shot-sickened-children-idUSTRE4BM4SH/.

Greenfield, B. 2024. “Moderna Pauses Its RSV Vaccine Trial for Children After 5 Infants Are Hospitalized in Latest Challenge of Preventing Disease.” Fortune Well. https://fortune.com/well/2024/12/16/moderna-pauses-its-rsv-vaccine-trial-for-children-after-5-infants-are-hospitalized-in-latest-challenge-of-treating-disease/.

WHO. 2024. “Global Childhood Immunization Levels Stalled in 2023, Leaving Many Without Lifesaving Protection.” Joint News Release Geneva/New York. https://www.who.int/news/item/15-07-2024-global-childhood-immunization-levels-stalled-in-2023-leaving-many-without-life-saving-protection.

Gavi. “More than US$ 1.8 Billion in Support for African Vaccine Manufacturing, Catching Up
Missed Children and Pandemic Preparedness Approved as Gavi Board Steps Up Efforts to Tackle Backsliding and Fight Health Emergencies.” 2023. https://www.gavi.org/news/media–room/initiatives-african-vaccine-manufacturing-approved-gavi-board.

Mogensen, Søren Wengel, et al. 2017. “The Introduction of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and Oral Polio Vaccine Among Young Infants in an Urban African Community: A Natural Experiment.” EBioMedicine 17: 192–198.

Aaby, Peter, et al. 2016. “Is Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis (DTP) Associated with Increased Female Mortality? A Meta-Analysis Testing the Hypotheses of Sex-Differential Non-Specific Effects of DTP Vaccine.” Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 110(10): 570–581.

Aaby, Peter, et al. 2018. “Evidence of Increase in Mortality After the Introduction of Diphtheria–Tetanus–Pertussis Vaccine to Children Aged 6–35 Months in Guinea-Bissau: A Time for Reflection?” Front Public Health 6: 79.

Thysen, S. M., M. Fernandes, and C. S. Benn et al. 2019. “Cohort Profile: Bandim Health Project’s (BHP) Rural Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS)—a Nationally Representative HDSS in Guinea-Bissau.” BMJ Open 9(6): e028775.

Aaby, P., H. Whittle, and C. S. Benn. 2012. “Vaccine Programmes Must Consider Their Effect on General Resistance.” BMJ 344: e3769.

Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. vs. Established Medical Authority: Navigating Vaccine Debates

“RFK Jr. Proves HHS Is in Violation of Vaccine Safety Requirements Under the Law — Mandate for Safer Childhood Vaccines.” https://childrenshealthdefense.org/child-health-topics/federal-failures/rfk-jr-proves-hhs-is-in-violation-of-vaccine-safety-requirements-under-the-law-mandate-for-safer-childhood-vaccines/.

“Title 42—The Public Health and Welfare.” https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2016-title42/pdf/USCODE-2016-title42-chap6A-subchapXIX-part2-subpartc-sec300aa-27.pdf.

United States District Court Southern District of New York. https://childrenshealthdefense.org/wp-content/uploads/rfk-complaint-against-united-states-department-of-health-and-human-services.pdf.

HHS response. 2018. https://childrenshealthdefense.org/wp-content/uploads/rfk-hhs-stipulated-order-july-2018.pdf.

HHS response. 2018. https://childrenshealthdefense.org/wp-content/uploads/hhs-response-january-29-2018.pdf.

FDA. https://childrenshealthdefense.org/child-health-topics/federal-failures/rfk-jr-proves-hhs-is-in-violation-of-vaccine-safety-requirements-under-the-law-mandate-for-safer-childhood-vaccines/.

Is there a Link Between Vaccines and Asthma, Allergies, and Eczema?

Choragudi, S., and G. Yosipovitch. 2023. “Trends in the Prevalence of Eczema Among US Children by Age, Sex, Race, and Ethnicity from 1997 to 2018.” JAMA Dermatology 159 (4): 454–456.

Pearce, N., N. Aït-Khaled, and R. Beasley et al. 2007. “Worldwide Trends in the Prevalence of Asthma Symptoms: Phase III of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC).” Thorax 62 (9).

FARE. https://www.foodallergy.org.

Hayward, E. 2024. “Scientists Baffled as Food Allergies Double in a Decade.” The New York Times.

Institute of Medicine. 2002. “Immunization Safety Review: Vaccines and Autism.” National Academies Press.

Vasileiou, E., A. Sheikh, and C. Butler et al. 2017. “Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccines in Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 65 (8): 1388–1395.

Cates, C. J., and B. H. Rowe. 2013. “Vaccines for Preventing Influenza in People with Asthma.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD000364.

Lin, C. L., M. C. Lin, and T. M. Yang et al. 2021. “Influenza Vaccination Is Associated with Lower Incidental Asthma Risk in Children with Atopic Dermatitis: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.” Frontiers in Immunology.

Grüber, C., J. Warner, and D. Hill et al. 2008. “Early Atopic Disease and Early Childhood Immunization: Is There a Link?” Allergy 63 (11): 1464–1472.

Ball, Thomas M., Jose A. Castro-Rodriguez, and Kent A. Griffith et al. 2000. “Siblings, Day-Care Attendance, and the Risk of Asthma and Wheezing During Childhood.” New England Journal of Medicine 343 (8): 538–43.

Christiansen, Sandra C. 2000. “Day Care, Siblings, and Asthma—Please, Sneeze on My Child.” New England Journal of Medicine 343 (8): 574–75.

DeStefano, Frank, David Gu, and Piotr Kramarz et al. 2002. “Childhood Vaccinations and Risk of Asthma.” Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 21 (6): 498–504.

Kay, A. B. 2001. “Allergy and Allergic Diseases.” New England Journal of Medicine 344 (1): 30–37.

Kramarz, Piotr, Frank DeStefano, Paul M. Gargiullo et al. 2000. “Does Influenza Vaccination Exacerbate Asthma? Analysis of a Large Cohort of Children with Asthma.” Archives of Family Medicine 9 (7): 617–23.

Nilsson, L., N. Kjellman, and B. Bjorksten. 1998. “A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect of Pertussis Vaccines on Atopic Disease.” Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 152 (8): 734–38.

Wills-Karp, Marsha, Joanna Santeliz, and Christopher L. Karp. 2001. “The Germless Theory of Allergic Disease: Revisiting the Hygiene Hypothesis.” Nature Reviews Immunology 1 (1): 69–75.

McKeever, T. M., S. A. Lewis, and C. Smith et al. 2004. “Vaccination and Allergic Disease: A Birth Cohort Study.” American Journal of Public Health 94 (6): 985–989.

1994. “Pertussis Vaccination and Asthma: Is There a Link?” JAMA 272 (8): 592. Enriquez, R., W. Addington, and F. Davis et al. 2005. “The Relationship Between Vaccine Refusal and Self-Report of Atopic Disease in Children.” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 115 (4):
737–744.

“AAP: Study of Aluminum in Vaccines Does Not Change Recommendation.” American Academy of Pediatrics Website. https://publications.aap.org/aapnews/news/22376/AAP-Study-of-aluminum-in-vaccines-does.

McDonald, K. L., S. I. Huq, and L. M. Lix et al. (2008). “Delay in Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus Vaccination Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Childhood Asthma.” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 121 (3): 626–631.

Daley, M. F., L. M. Reifler, and J. M. Glanz et al. 2023. “Association Between Aluminum Exposure from Vaccines Before Age 24 Months and Persistent Asthma at Age 24 to 59 Months.” Academic Pediatrics 23 (1): 37–46.

Hurwitz, E. L., and H. Morgenstern. 2000. “Effects of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis or Tetanus
Vaccination on Allergies and Allergy-Related Respiratory Symptoms Among Children and
Adolescents in the United States.” Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 23 (2):
81–90.

Bremner, S. A., I. M. Carey, and S. DeWilde et al. 2005. “Timing of Routine Immunisations and Subsequent Hay Fever Risk.” Archives of Disease in Childhood 90 (6): 567–573.

Ayasse, M., A. Ahmed, and C. McCullum et al. 2021. “Vaccines Do Not Cause Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Vaccine 39 (13): 1805–1811.

Too Many Pokes?

Ask the Experts: Administering Vaccine. https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/admin-vaccines/.

Offit, P. A., J. Quarles, and M. A. Gerber et al. 2002. “Addressing Parents’ Concerns: Do Multiple Vaccines Overwhelm or Weaken the Infant’s Immune System?” Pediatrics 109 (1): 124.

Offit, P. A., and L. M. Bell. 2003. Vaccines: What You Should Know. (3rd ed.) Wiley.

Shneyer, E., A. Strulov, and Y. Rosenfeld. 2009. “Reduced Rate of Side Effects Associated with Separate Administration of MMR and DTaP-Hib-IPV Vaccinations.” Israel Medical Association Journal.

CDC. “Multiple Vaccines at Once.” https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/about/multiples.html.

Glanz, J. M., S. R. Newcomer, and M. F. Daley et al. 2018. “Association Between Estimated Cumulative Vaccine Antigen Exposure Through the First 23 Months of Life and Non-Vaccine-Targeted Infections From 24 Through 47 Months of Age.” JAMA 319 (9): 906–913.

Jackson, L. A., G. J. Gorse, and D. S. Krause et al. 2010. “Safety and Immunogenicity of a Quadrivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Administered Intramuscularly to Children.” Pediatrics 125(5): e1025-31. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-2531.

Fragapane, E., M. Cortese, and G. Icardi et al. 2005. “Immunogenicity and Safety of a Pentavalent Vaccine Containing Diphtheria, Tetanus, Acellular Pertussis, Hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae Type B Antigens.” Journal of Infectious Diseases 191 (Suppl. 1): S1–S7. doi:10.1086/429146.

Poolman, J., R. Borrow, and F. Kloprogge et al. 2011. “Impact of Antigen Quantity on the Safety and Immunogenicity of Vaccines: A Review of Clinical Data.” Vaccine 29 (6): 805–811. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.12.008.

Section 15- Autism and Vaccines: The Science is NOT Settled

Taylor, L. E., A. L. Swerdfeger, and G. D. Eslick. 2014. “Vaccines Are Not Associated with Autism: An Evidence-Based Meta-Analysis of Case-Control and Cohort Studies.” Vaccine, 32(29), 3623–3629.

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly 382 Report. United States.

NSW Government Health. “Measles Notifications in NSW Residents.” Available at http://www0.health.nsw.gov.au/data/diseases/measles.asp.

Moher, D., A. Liberati, and J. Tetzlaff et al. 2009. “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA Statement.” BMJ 339: b2535.

Liberati, A., D. G. Altman, and J. Tetzlaff et al. 2009. “The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies that Evaluate Healthcare Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration.” BMJ 339: b2700.

Varricchio, F., J. Iskander, and F. Destefano et al. 2004. “Understanding Vaccine Safety Information from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System.” Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 23: 287–94.

Goodman, M. J., and J. Nordin. 2006. “Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System Reporting Source: A Possible Source of Bias in Longitudinal Studies.” Pediatrics 117: 387–90.

Wells, G. A., B. Shea, and D. O’Connell et al. “The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Assessing the Quality of Non-Randomised Studies in Meta-Analyses.” Available from http://www.ohri.ca/ programs/clinical epidemiology/oxford.asp. Accessed July 16, 2013.

DerSimonian, R., and N. Laird. 1986. “Meta-Analysis in Clinical Trials.” Controlled Clinical Trials 7: 177–88.

Higgins, J. P., S. G. Thompson, and J. J. Deeks et al. 2003. “Measuring Inconsistency in Meta- Analyses.” BMJ 327: 557–60.

Egger, M., G. Davey Smith, and M. Schneider et al. 1997. “Bias in Meta-Analysis Detected by a Simple, Graphical Test.” British Medical Journal 315: 629–34.

Rosenthal, R. 1979. “The File Drawer Problem and Tolerance for Null Results.” Psychological Bulletin 85:638–41.

Madsen, K. M., A. Hviid, and M. Vestergaard et al. 2002. “A Population-Based Study of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccination and Autism.” New England Journal of Medicine 347 (19): 1477–82.

Uchiyama, T., M. Kurosawa, and Y. Inaba. 2007. “MMR-Vaccine and Regression in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Negative Results Presented from Japan.” Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 37: 210–7.

Andrews N., E. Miller, and A. Grant et al. 2004. “Thimerosal Exposure in infants and Developmental Disorders: A Retrospective Cohort Study in the United Kingdom Does Not Support a Causal Association.” Pediatrics 114 (3): 584–91.

Verstraeten, T., R. L. Davis, and F. DeStefano et al. 2003. “Safety of Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines: A Two-Phased Study of Computerized Health Maintenance Organization Databases.” Pediatrics 112 (5): 1039–48.

Hviid, A., M. Stellfeld, and J. Wohlfahrt et al. 2003. “Association Between Thimerosal-Containing Vaccine and Autism.” JAMA 290 (13): 1763–6.

DeStefano, F., T. K. Bhasin, and W. W. Thompson et al. 2004. “Age at First Measles–Mumps–Rubella Vaccination in Children with Autism and School-Matched Control Subjects: A Population-Based Study in Metropolitan Atlanta.” Pediatrics 113 (2): 259–66.

Mroz ̇ek-Budzyn, D., A. Kiełtyka, and R. Majewska. 2010. “Lack of Association Between Measles–Mumps–Rubella Vaccination and Autism in Children: A Case-Control Study.” Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 29 (5): 397–400.

Smeeth, L., C. Cook, and E. Fombonne et al. 2004. “MMR Vaccination and Pervasive Developmental Disorders: A Case-Control Study.” Lancet 364: 963–9.

Meeth, L., A. J. Hall, and E. Fombonne et al. 2001. “A Case-Control Study Of Autism And Mumps–Measles–Rubella Vaccination Using the General Practice Research Database: Design and Methodology.” BMC Public Health 1:2.

Uno, Y., T. Uchiyama, and M. Kurosawa et al. 2012. “The Combined Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccines and the Total Number of Vaccines Are Not Associated with Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder: the First Case-Control Study in Asia.” Vaccine 30: 4292–8.

Price, C. S., W. W. Thompson, and B. Goodson et al. 2010. “Prenatal and Infant Exposure to 444 Thimerosal from Vaccines and Immunoglobulins and Risk of Autism.” Pediatrics 445, 126 (4): 656–64.

Begg, C. B., and M. Mazumdar. 1994. “Operating Characteristics of a Rank Correlation Test for 447 Publication Bias.” Biometrics 50 (4): 1088–101.

Almazrou, A. M. 2006. “MMR Vaccine and Autism: Is There a Link?” Current Pediatric Research 10 (1–2): 5–8, 450.

Demicheli V., A. Rivetti, and M. G. Debalini et al. 2012. “Vaccines for Measles, Mumps, and Rubella in Children (Review).” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 452 (2): CD004407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub3.

Jefferson, T., D. Price, and V. Demicheli et al. 2003. “Unintended Events Following Immunization with MMR: A Systematic Review.” Vaccine 21(25–26): 3954–60.

Kimmel, S. R., I. T. Burns, and R. M. Wolfe et al. 2007. “Addressing Immunization Barriers, Benefits, and Risks.” Journal of Family Practice 56 (Suppl. 2 vaccines): 458 S61–9.

Klein, K. C., and E. B. Diehl. 2004. “Relationship Between MMR Vaccine and Autism.” Annals of Pharmacotherapy 38 (7–8): 1297–300.

DeStefano, F., C. S. Price, and E. S. Weintraub. 2013. “Increasing Exposure to Antibody-Stimulating Proteins and Polysaccharides in Vaccines Is Not Associated with Risk of Autism.” The Journal of Pediatrics 163 (2): 561–567

Hviid, A., J. V. Hansen, and M., Frisch et al. 2019. “Measles, Mumps, Rubella Vaccination, and Autism: A Nationwide Cohort Study.” Annals of Internal Medicine 170 (8): 513–520.

Maglione, M. et al. 2014. “Safety of Vaccines Used for Routine Immunization of US Children: A Systematic Review.” Pediatrics 134 (2): 325–337.

Gallagher, C. M., and M. S. Goodman. 2010. “Hepatitis B Vaccination of Male Neonates and Autism Diagnosis, NHIS 1997–2002.” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 73 (24): 1665–1677.

Institute of Medicine (US) Immunization Safety Review Committee. 2004. Immunization Safety Review: Vaccines and Autism. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). https://doi.org/10.17226/10997.

Institute of Medicine. 2013. The Childhood Immunization Schedule and Safety: Stakeholder Concerns, Scientific Evidence, and Future Studies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13563/the-childhood-immunization-schedule-and-safety-stakeholder-concerns-scientific-evidence.

Hotez, P. 2017. The “Why Vaccines Don’t Cause Autism” Papers. PLOS.

HealthyChildren.org. “Vaccine Safety: Examine the Evidence.” https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/Pages/Vaccine-Studies-Examine-the-Evidence.aspx.

Smith, M. J., and C. R. Woods. 2010. “On-Time Vaccine Receipt in the First Year Does Not Adversely Affect Neuropsychological Outcomes.” Pediatrics 125 (6): 1134–1141.

Gabis, L. V., O. L. Attia, and M. Goldman. 2022. “The Myth of Vaccination and Autism Spectrum.” European Journal of Pediatric Neurology 36: 151–158.

Erdogan, M. A., O. Gurbuz, and M. F. Bozkurt et al. 2024. “Prenatal Exposure to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine BNT162b2 Induces Autism-like Behaviors in Male Neonatal Rats: Insights into WNT and BDNF Signaling Perturbations.” Neurochemical Research 49 (4): 1034–1048.

Godlee, F., J. Smith, and H. Marcovitch. 2011. “Wakefield’s Article Linking MMR Vaccine and Autism Was Fraudulent.” BMJ 342: c7452.

“Variations on a Theme: The Evidence Refuting the False Claim that Vaccines Cause Autism.”
https://healthfeedback.org/evidence-refuting-false-claim-vaccines-cause-autism/.

Sahni et al. 2020. “Vaccine Hesitancy and Illness Perceptions: Comparing Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder to other Parent Groups.” Child Health Care.

Zerbo et al. 2018. “Vaccination Patterns in Children After Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis and in Their Younger Siblings.” JAMA Pediatrics.

Fombonne et al. 2006. “Pervasive Developmental Disorders in Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Prevalence and Links With Immunizations.” Pediatrics.

Uno et al. 2015. “Early Exposure to the Combined Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine and Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder.” Vaccine.

Jain et al. 2015. “Autism Occurrence by MMR Vaccine Status Among US Children with Older Siblings with and Without Autism.” JAMA.

Mrożek-Budzyn et al. 2010. “Lack of Association Between Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination and Autism in Children.”

Kennedy et al. 2011. “Confidence About Vaccines in the United States: Understanding Parents’ Perceptions.” Health Aff (Millwood).

Iqbal et al. 2013. “Number of Antigens in Early Childhood Vaccines and Neuropsychological Outcomes at Age 7–10 Years.” Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety.

Price et al. 2010. “Prenatal and Infant Exposure to Thimerosal From Vaccines and Immunoglobulins and Risk of Autism.” Pediatrics.

Andrews et al. 2004. “Thimerosal Exposure in Infants and Developmental Disorders: A Retrospective Cohort Study in the United Kingdom Does Not Support a Causal Association.” Pediatrics.

Ball et al. 2001. “An Assessment of Thimerosal Use in Childhood Vaccines.” Pediatrics.

Hviid et al. 2003. “Association Between Thimerosal-Containing Vaccine and Autism.” JAMA.

Heron et al. 2004. “Thimerosal Exposure in Infants and Developmental Disorders: A Prospective Cohort Study in the United Kingdom Does Not Support a Causal Association.” Pediatrics.

Parker et al. 2004. “Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines and Autistic Spectrum Disorder: A Critical Review of Published Original Data.” Pediatrics.

Thompson et al. 2007. “Early Thimerosal Exposure and Neuropsychological Outcomes at 7 to 10 Years.” The New England Journal of Medicine.

Tozzi et al. 2009. “Neuropsychological Performance 10 Years After Immunization in Infancy with Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines.” Pediatrics.

Thomson et al. The 5As: “A Practical Taxonomy for the Determinants of Vaccine Uptake.” Vaccine.

Salmon et al. “Factors Associated with Refusal of Childhood Vaccines Among Parents of School- Aged Children.” JAMA Pediatrics.

Gerber and Offit. 2009. “Vaccines and Autism: A Tale of Shifting Hypotheses.” Clinical Infectious Diseases.

Thurm et al. 2019. “State of the Field: Differentiating Intellectual Disability From Autism Spectrum Disorder.” Frontiers in Psychiatry.

Taylor, B., E. Miller, and C. P. Farrington et al. 1999. “Autism and Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine: No Epidemiological Evidence for a Causal Association.” The Lancet 353 (9169): 2026–2029.

DeStefano, F. 2001. “Vaccines and Autism.” Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 20 (9): 887–888.

DeLong, G. 2011. “A Positive Association Found Between Autism Prevalence and Childhood Vaccination Uptake Across the US Population.” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 74 (14): 903–916.

Taylor, B. 2006. “Vaccines and the Changing Epidemiology of Autism.” Child: Care, Health, and Development 32 (5): 511–519. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00655.

US Attorney’s Office, Northern District of Georgia. 2011. “Autism Researcher Indicted for Stealing Grant Money.” Press release. https://www.justice.gov/archive/usao/gan/press/2011/04-13-11.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com.

Office of the Inspector General Poul Thorsen. https://oig.hhs.gov/fraud/fugitives/poul-thorsen/.

DeStefano, F., T. K. Bhasin, and W. W. Thompson et al. 2004. “Age at First Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination in Children with Autism and School-Matched Control Subjects: A Population-Based Study in Metropolitan Atlanta.” Pediatrics 113 (2): 259–266.

Thompson, W. W. 2014. “Statement of William W. Thompson, PhD, Regarding the 2004 Article Examining the Possibility of a Relationship Between MMR Vaccine and Autism.” Press release.

https://legislature.vermont.gov/Documents/2016/WorkGroups/House%20Health%20Care/Bills/H.98/Witness%20Testimony/H.98~Jennifer%20Stella~William%20Thompson%20Statement~5-6-2015.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com.

“Let’s Stop Causing Autism.” https://www.gemmerwellness.com/blog/posts/let-s-stop-causing-autism.

Klerman, G. L. 1983. “On the Amish Study.” American Journal of Psychiatry 140 (9).

Scott, E. M., R. Stein, and M. F. Brown et al. 2021. “Vaccination Patterns of the Northeast OhioAmish Revisited.” Vaccine 39 (7): 1058–1063.

“ICAN V. CDC – CDC Cannot Support Its Claim That Vaccines Do Not Cause Autism.” 2021.
https://icandecide.org/article/ican-v-cdc-cdc-cannot-support-its-claim-that-vaccines-do-not-cause-autism/.

Siri, Aaron, Esq. 2020. “Edwards K. Deposition.”

“Brenda and David Tell the Story of Their Infant Triplets, Injured by a Recalled Pneumococcal Vaccine.” https://www.michiganvaccineinjury.org/post/2017/01/01/brenda-and-david-tell-the-story-of-their-infant-triplets-injured-by-a-recalled-pneumococc.

Section 16- SIDS Link: A Century of Controversy

Boatmon v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, No. 18-2333. 2019. https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/cafc/18-2333/18-2333-2019-11-07.html.

Chase Boatmon, Maurina Cupid, parents of J. B., deceased v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, Case No. 2018-2333, US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Appeal from the United States Court of Federal Claims in No. 1:13-vv-00611-TCW, Judge Thomas C. Wheeler. Decided: November 7, 2019.

CHOP. “Vaccines and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).” https://www.chop.edu/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-safety/vaccines-and-other-conditions/sudden-infant-death-syndrome-sids.

CDC. “Data and Statistics for SUID and SIDS.” https://www.cdc.gov/sudden-infant-death/data-research/data/index.html.

Tyler, James W. 1986. Infant Crib Death: Probable Causes and Simple Prevention. Sterling Publishing Co.

Cherry, J. D. “Historical Perspective on Pertussis and Use of Vaccines to Prevent It: 100 Years of Pertussis (The Cough of 100 Days).” Microbe.

Torch, W. C. 1982. “Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus (DPT) Immunization: A Potential Cause of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).” American Academy of Neurology, 34th Annual Meeting, April 25 – May 1, 1982. Neurology 32 (4, part 2): A169–170.

Vennemann, M. M., T. Butterfass-Bahloul, and G. Jorch et al. 2007. “GeSID Group Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: No Increased Risk After Immunisation.” Vaccine 25: 336–340.

Stratton K., D. A. Almario, and T. M. Wizemann. 2003. McCormick M.C. National Academies Press; Washington DC, USA. “Immunization Safety Review: Vaccinations and Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy.”

Essery, S. D., M. W. Raza, and A. Zorgani et al. 1999. “The Protective Effect of Immunisation Against Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus (DPT) in Relation to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.” FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 25 (1–2): 183–192.

Roberts, S. C. 1987. “Vaccination and Cot Deaths in Perspective.” Archives of Disease in Childhood 62:754–759.

Yang, Y. T., and J. Shaw. 2018. “Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Vaccines: Longitudinal Population Analyses.” Vaccine 36: 595–598.

Traversa, G., S. Spila-Alegiani, and C. Bianchi et al. 2011. “Sudden Unexpected Deaths and Vaccinations During the First Two Years of Life in Italy: A Case Series Study.” PLoS ONE 6 (1): e16363.

Vennemann, M. M. T., T. Butterfab-Bahloul, and G. Jorch et al. 2007. “Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: No Increased Risk After Immunisation.” Vaccine 25: 336–340.

Eriksen, E. M., J. A. Perlman, and A. Miller et al. 2004. “Lack of Association Between Hepatitis B Birth Immunization And Neonatal Death: A Population-Based Study from the Vaccine Safety Datalink Project.” Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 23: 656–661.

Jonville-Bera, A. P., E. Autret-Leca, Barbeillon et al. 2001. “Sudden Unexpected Death in Infants Under 3 Months of Age and Vaccination Status – a Case-Control Study.” British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 51: 271–276.

Hoffman, H. J., J. C. Hunter, and K. Damus et al. 1987. “Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Immunization and Sudden Infant Death: Results of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Cooperative Epidemiological Study of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Risk Factors.” Pediatrics 79: 598–611.

Walker, A. M. 1987. “SIDS in Infants Within Three Days of DTP Compared to 30 Days After Vaccine.” Acta Paediatricia Scandinavica 76 (6): 963–96 .

Conclusion

Hegel’s Dialectics. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hegel-dialectics/#:~:text=It%20is%20the%20thought%20or,;%20SL%2DdG%2033

Zhou, F., T. C. Jatlaoui, and A. J. Leidner et al. 2024. “Health and Economic Benefits of Routine Childhood Immunizations in the Era of the Vaccines for Children Program — United States, 1994–2023.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 73 (31): 682–685.

Appendix

Vaccine schedules in other countries

Stratens Serum Institut. https://en.ssi.dk

Vaccine Scheduler. https://vaccine-schedule.ecdc.europa.eu/Scheduler/ByCountry?SelectedCountryId=58&IncludeChildAgeGroup=true&IncludeChildAgeGroup=false&IncludeAdultAgeGroup=true&IncludeAdultAgeGroup=false

Japan Pediatric Society. 2024. http://www.jpeds.or.jp/modules/en/index.php?content_id=7

Directorate of Health. Overview of General Vaccination in Iceland. https://assets.ctfassets.net/8k0h54kbe6bj/403Tf05stb5BdJndgSVqG2/65dbe748b42aa396e388ab80b884acee/Yfirlit_yfir_almennar_b__lusetningar______slandi_2023_EN_KSJ.pdf

MTHFR

James, S. J., S. Melnyk, and S. Jernigan et al. 2010. “A Functional Polymorphism in the Reduced Folate Carrier Gene and DNA Hypomethylation in Mothers of Children with Autism.” American Journal of Medical Genetics.

2016. “Association of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Gene C677T Polymorphism with Autism: Evidence of Genetic Susceptibility.” Metabolic Brain Disease.

James, S. J., S. Melnyk, and S. Jernigan et al. 2004. “Metabolic Endophenotype and Related Genotypes Are Associated with Oxidative Stress in Children with Autism.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 80 (6), 1611–1617.

Lee, K. M., J. H. Bang, and Y. J. Choe et al. 2016. “Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms on Immune Response to Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine: A Systematic Review.” BMC Pediatrics 16: 75.

References

Joel "Gator" Warsh, MD, MSC

Books

Vaccine Inserts

Covid 19

Hib

Combination Shots

DTaP

Hepatitis A

Hep B

HPV

Influenza

MMR

MCV

PCV

Polio

RSV

Rotavirus

Tdap

Varicella

Prologue

Section 1- Introduction

Section 2- Vaccine Evolution: Learning from History, Looking to the Future

Sanitation vs. Vaccination: Understanding the Drivers Behind Declines in Infectious Diseases

Major Legal Changes: National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program

Challenges and Trends in Vaccine Acceptance and Policy

Current Vaccine Schedule and Navigating the Future of Vaccination

Section 3-The Influence Economy: The Cost of Controlling the Message

Pharma’s Entanglement with Doctors, Research and Medical Learning Institutions

Political Contributions

The “Revolving Door” Between Pharma and the FDA

Advertising and the Media

Section 4-Between Scylla and Charybdis: Weighing The Options

Section 5-Speaking the Language of Vaccines

Section 6- Inside the Syringe: A Closer Look at Individual Vaccines

Hep B

Vitamin K

RSV

DTAP

Hib

Polio

PCV

Rotavirus

MMR

Varicella (VZV)

Hep A

HPV

MCV

CV19

Section 6- What is the Bottom Turtle Standing On: The Way Vaccine Manufacturers Have Set-Up Vaccine Trials for Success

Section 7- Let’s Talk About Newborn Vaccines

Hep B

Vitamin K

Tdap

Section 8-Tackling Individual Childhood Vaccine Controversies: MMR, DTaP, HPV, Varicella, and Influenza

MMR

DTaP

HPV

Varicella

Influenza

Section 9- Heavy Questions: The Role of Metals in Vaccines

Lead

Mercury/Thimerosal

Aluminum

Section 10-Misinformation, Disinformation, and Malinformation, Oh My!-- Rethinking the Vaccine Conversation in an Era of Doubt

Section 11-The Double Standard

Section 12- Exemptions

Section 13-Vaccinated vs. Unvaccinated Trials

Section 14-The Complex Landscape of Vaccine Research and the Long-Term Implications

IOM reports

1991 Report:

1994 Report:

2012 Report:

Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. vs. Established Medical Authority: Navigating Vaccine Debates

Is there a Link Between Vaccines and Asthma, Allergies, and Eczema?

Too Many Pokes?

Section 15- Autism and Vaccines: The Science is NOT Settled

Section 16- SIDS Link: A Century of Controversy

Conclusion

Appendix